Highlights (Representitative research projects, see publications for other projects)

ShapeWriter

Human-Computer/Information interaction is rapidly moving from a desktop model to an multi-device and information cloud model. Text is an indispensable form of information. In this context, the ShapeWriter project (with Per-Ola Kristensson and ShapeWriter Inc) aims at fundamentally solving the off-the-desktop text input problem.

FonePal

Bothered by “Welcome to ... Press 1 for ... Press 2 ... Press 9 to Repeat”? FonePal is a multichannel, multimodal and multidevice solution to the “Touchtone Hell” IVR problem. See a video demo and papers.

Eye-tracking augmented user interfaces

The eye, being simulatenously the mind's window to the world and a world's window to the mind, has many potential applications in human-computer interaction. Two applications I have been invovled in are MAGIC Pointing (with Ihde and Morimoto) and iTourist (with P. Qvarfordt). I have argued that whenever possible the eye-gaze should be used as a contextual and implicit, rather than a direct and explicit modality of computer input. See an CACM article on eye-tracking, and my keynote abstract and slides at the 2008 ACM Eye-tracking Research and Applications Symposium.

Laws of action

In any research field establishing robust laws and regularities are fundamental to the field's development. This is considerably harder in HCI given the complexity of human performance, behavior and experience. Fortunately some perceptual-motor actions in HCI can be modeled by “Laws of Action". Contributions I have helped to make in this area include 1. Clarifying a fundamental logical error of using a compound throughput (TP) metric to characterize computer input with Fitts' law (MT = a + b ID) and suggesting that a and b separately represent the non-informational and informational aspects of pointing; 2. (With Kong and Ren) Understanding actual and nominal pointing precision in Fitts’ law tasks. 3. (With J. Accot) A more rigorous understanding and formulation of 2D Fitts' law, or more pricisely models of pointing with simultenous amplitude and directional contrainst. 4 (With J. Accot) The regularities in crossing actions (“more than dotting the i's). 5 (With J. Accot) The steering law, its connection to Fitts' law and its strength against movement scaling. 6 (With X. Cao) The CLC model of gesture stroke complexity.

ScrollPoint^TM Mouse

A common challenge to research is the lack of opportunity to make a broad and direct impact on technologies used by real users. I was fortunate to work with (and lead) a team of engineers from IBM and IBM vendors (and their vendors) to bring the ScrollPoint mouse from research to market (received a CES award and millions of users). In addtion to the central function, every “prepherial” factors can also make or break a product, including cost, design (both deep and surface), packaging and install, and retrofiting its software to operating systems that are not designed to support new user interfaces. HCI researchers and practioners with broad skills are uniquely suited to drive a user experience centered system engineering process in product develpment. For example, in order to balance between cost and quality, a deep user experience and human performance understanding can be applied to decisions on sensor quality, processor speed, A/D conversion resolution, and the shape and form appeal of a mouse. I hope one day to find the time to write “The tale of a mouse”.

6 DOF input control

Reseachers sometimes wonder whether academic research is really useful to the larger world. This project on multiple degrees of freedom input control was rather academic and abstact when it was done (advised by P. Milgram and B. Buxton at the University of Toronto), but it has found surprising amount of practical (and academic) applications. Researchers, engineers, designers and industry executives personally tell me how they use the concepts, understanding, and methods developed in this research project in their design, developement, and research of new 6DOF controllers. Key contributions of this research include the taxonomy of controller resistance (isometric, elastic, and isotonic), the relationship between transfer function and controller property (e.g rate control's compatibility with self-centering devices), the effect of different muscle groups in 6DOF manipulation, effective evaluation tasks (6DOF docking and 6DOF tracking), and methods of quantifying coordination in multiple degrees of freedom input control. The work was driven by the need of designing telerobotics and virtual reality interfaces, but the recent wild success of the Nintendo Wii has liberated multiple DOF controllers from these specialized fields to oradinary households. Read more on manipulation and navigation in 3D interfaces.