[Shumin Zhai's home page: Research Highlights Bio-sketch Press Lectures/Talks Contact Info]

Shumin Zhai's Publications

• 2009

• Zhai, S., Kristensson, P.O., Gong, P., Greiner, M., Peng, S., Liu, L. Dunnigan, A., Shapewriter on the iPhone: from the laboratory to the real world. ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. pp. 2667-2670.

• Lee, S., Zhai, S., The performance of touch screen soft buttons. Proc. of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 309-318.

• Appert, C., Zhai, S., Using strokes as command shortcuts: cognitive benefits and toolkit support. Proc. ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 2289-2298.

• Yin, J., Ren, X. Zhai, S., Pen pressure control in trajectory-based interaction, Behaviour & Information Technology, 1362-3001, 14 May 2009. DOI: 10.1080/01449290902904733

• Yin, M., Pierce, J., Zhai, S., Phone n’ Computer: teaming up an information appliance with a PC, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 1617-4909 (Print) 1617-4917 (Online), October 06, 2009. DOI 10.1007/s00779-009-0251-6

• Qvarfordt, P., Shumin Zhai, S., Gaze-aided human-computer and human-human dialogue, Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems, eds. Whitworth B., and de Moor, A. Information Science Reference, pp. 529-543, March 2, 2009

• 2008

• Zhai, S., On the ease and efficiency of human-computer interfaces. Proc ACM ETRA 2008: ACM Eye Tracking Research & Applications Symposium, pp 9-10 (keynote address abstract, slides)

• Zhai, S. Kristensson, P.O, Interlaced QWERTY: accommodating ease of visual search and input flexibility in shape writing. Proc of CHI 2008: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 593-596.

• Per Ola Kristensson, Shumin Zhai: Improving word-recognizers using an interactive lexicon with active and passive words. Proc ACM Intelligent User Interfaces 2008, pp 353-356

• 2007

• Kristensson, P.O,. Zhai, S. Command Strokes with and without Preview: Using Pen Gestures on Keyboard for Command Selection,  Proc. CHI 2007: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 28 April - 3 May, 2007, San Jose, California.

• Cao. X, Zhai, S. Modeling Human Performance of Pen Stroke Gestures, Proc. CHI 2007: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 28 April - 3 May, 2007, San Jose, California.

• Cockburn, A. Kristensson, P.O., Alexander, J. Zhai, S Hard Lessons: Effort-Inducing Interfaces Benefit Spatial Learning, Proc. CHI 2007: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 28 April - 3 May, 2007, San Jose, California.

• Kristensson, P.O., Zhai, S. Learning Shape Writing by Game Playing (Interactivity Paper), CHI 2007: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 28 April - 3 May, 2007, San Jose, California.

• Moran, T. P., Zhai, S. Beyond the Desktop Metaphor in Seven Dimensions, closing chapter in V. Kaptelinin and M. Czerwinski (Eds), Designing Integrated Digital Work Environments: Beyond the Desktop Metaphor.

• 2006

• Zhai, S. Kristensson, P.O. Introduction to Shape Writing, IBM Research Report RJ10393 (A0611-006), November1, 2006 (also as a Chapter 7 of by I. S. MacKenzie and K. Tanaka-Ishii (eds), Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, pp 139, 158)

• Cao, X. Zhai, S. Modeling human performance of pen stroke gestures, IBM Research Report RJ10392 (A0611-003) November 1, 2006. (This report is a super set of Cao & Zhai CHI 2007 with additional content that could not be included within the CHI page limit).

• Yin, M, Zhai, S. The Benefits of Augmenting Telephone Voice Menu Navigation with Visual Browsing and Search, Proc. CHI 2006: ACM conference on human factors in computing systems, 319-328

• Wang, J, Zhai, S, Canny, J., Camera Phone Based Motion Sensing: Interaction Techniques, Applications and Performance Study, Proc. ACM UIST 2006, 101-110.

• Barton , J., Zhai, S., Cousins, S.  Phones Will Become The Primary Personal Computing Devices, IEEE 2006 Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications,  April 2006,  Semiahmoo, Washington.

• Barton, J., Folowosele, F., Nylander, S., Houston, M, Zhai, S. Connection Time for Strange Devices, IEEE 2006 Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications,  April 2006,  Semiahmoo, Washington.

• 2005

• Yin, M., Zhai, S. Dial and See ― Tackling the Voice Menu Navigation Problem with Cross-Device User Experience Integration, in Proc. ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2005) (TechNote) Seattle, October 23–26, 2005.

• Qvarfordt, P., Beymer, D., Zhai, S. RealTourist ― A Study of Augmenting Human-Human and Human-Computer Dialogue with Eye-Gaze Overlay, Proc. IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT 2005, 12-16 September 2005, Rome, Italy: 767-780

• Qvarfordt, P., Zhai, S. Conversing with the User Based on Eye-Gaze Patterns. Proc. CHI 2005—ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. April 2-7, 2005, 221-230, ACM Press.

• Kristensson, P-O., Zhai, S. Relaxing Stylus Typing Precision by Geometric Pattern Matching. Proc. IUI 2005—ACM Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 2005, pp. 151–158, ACM Press.

• Zhai, S., Kristensson, P-O, Smith, B.A., In search of effective text interfaces for off the desktop computing, Interacting with Computers, 17(3):229-250, 2005.

• 2004

• Kristensson, P-O., Zhai, S., SHARK²: A Large Vocabulary Shorthand Writing System for Pen-based Computers, Proc. ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2004), Oct 24-27, Santa Fe, New Mexico, CHI Letters 6(2), pp. 43–52, ACM Press.

• Ingmarsson, M., Dinka, D., Zhai, S., TNT―A numeric keypad based text input method, Proc. CHI 2004: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vienna, Austria. CHI Letters 6(1), 639-646, ACM Press. 

• Zhai, S. “Mouse”, in W. S. Bainbridge (ed), Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, Berkshire Publishing Group, July 2004.

• Zhai, S. Characterizing computer input with Fitts’ law parameters ― The information and non-information aspects of pointing. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 61(6), 791-809. December 2004.

• Zhai, S., Kong, J., Ren, X., Speed-accuracy trade-off in Fitts’ law tasks — On the equivalency of actual and nominal pointing precision. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 61(6), 823-856. December 2004.

• Zhai, S., Kristensson, P-O, Smith, B.A., In search of effective text interfaces for off the desktop computing, presented as a “major paper” at the Human Computer Interaction Consortium Winter Workshop, Feb. 4 – 8, 2004.

• Zhai, S., Accot, J., Woltjer, R. Human Action Laws in Electronic Virtual Worlds ― An Empirical Study of Path Steering Performance in VR,  Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol.13(2), 113-127.

• Lee, P., Zhai, S. (2004). Top-down learning strategies: can they facilitate stylus keyboard learning?  International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 60 (5-6), 585-598.

• Guiard, Y., Beaudouin-Lafon, M., Bastin, J., Pasveer, D., Zhai, S., View Size and Pointing Difficulty in Multi-Scale Navigation, Proc. AVI 2004: Advanced Visual Interfaces, Gallipoli (Lecce), Italy, May 25-28, 2004. 117-124.
             

• 2003

• Zhai, S., Kristensson, P-O., Shorthand Writing on Stylus Keyboard, in Proceedings of CHI 2003, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 5-10, 2003. pp 97-104.

• Accot, J.,  Zhai, S., Refining Fitts' law models for bivariate pointing, in Proceedings of CHI 2003, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 5-10, 2003. pp 193-200.

• Zhai, S.,  Conversy, S., Beaudouin-Lafon, M., Guiard, Y., Human On-Line Response to Target Expansion, in Proceedings of CHI 2003, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 5-10, 2003. pp 177-184.

• Albinsson, P-A, Zhai, S.,  High Precision Touch Screen Interaction, in Proceedings of CHI 2003, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 5-10, 2003. pp 105-112

• Zhai, S, Evaluation is the worst form of HCI research except all other forms that have been tried, essay published at CHI Place, Mar 13, 2003.

• Zhai, S. What's in the Eyes for Attentive Input, in Communications of the ACM, March 2003. pp-34-39.

• Zhai, S., Woltjer, R., Human Movement Performance in Relation to Path Constraint - The Law of Steering in Locomotion,  in Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality 2003 , March 2003. pp 149-156.

• Sallnas, E-L, Zhai, S. Collaboration meets Fitts’ law: passing virtual objects with and without haptic force feedback,  in Proceedings of INTERACT 2003, IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. pp. 97-104.

• Ren, X.,    Tamura,   K.,  Kong,  J.,  Zhai, S. Candidate Display Styles in Japanese Input, in Proceedings of INTERACT 2003, IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. pp. 868-871.

• 2002

  • Zhai, S., Sue, A., Accot, J., Movement Model, Hits Distribution and Learning in Virtual Keyboarding, in Proc. of CHI'2002: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 2002.  pp 17-24.

  • Accot, J., Zhai, S., More than dotting the i's - foundations for crossing-based interfaces, in Proc. of CHI'2002: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 2002. pp 73-80.

  • Zhai, S. On the validity of Throughput as a Characteristic of Computer Input, IBM Research Report, RJ 10253, IBM Research Division. August 2002.

  • Zhai, S., Hunter, M., Smith, B.A., Performance Optimization of Virtual Keyboards,  Human-Computer Interaction. Vol. 17, No2&3. 2002.  pp 229-269.

• 2001

  • Wang, J. Zhai, S., Su, H., Chinese Input with Keyboard and Eye Tracking - An Anatomical Study,  in Proc. of CHI 2001, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, Washington, 31 March-5 April 2001, p349-356.

  • Accot, J. Zhai, S., Scale effects in steering law tasks,  in Proc. of  CHI 2001, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, Washington, 31 March-5 April 2001. p1-8.

  • Zhai, S., Smith. B. A. Alphabetically Biased Virtual Keyboards Are Easier to Use - Layout Does Matter,  in Extended Abstracts of CHI 2001, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, Washington, 31 March-5 April 2001 (Short Talk), p321-322.

  • Smith, B.A., Zhai, S. Optimised Virtual Keyboards with and without Alphabetical Ordering - A Novice User Study,  in Proc. of INTERACT 2001: Eight IFIP Conference On Human-Computer Interaction, Tokyo, Japan, July 9-13, 2001. p92-99.

  • Fels, D.I, Waalen, J.K,  Zhai, S. Weiss, P.L., Telepresence under exceptional circumstances: enriching the connection to school for sick children, in Proc. of INTERACT 2001: Eight IFIP Conference On Human-Computer Interaction, Tokyo, Japan, July 9-13, 2001.p617-624.

  • Matlock, T., Campbell, C.S, Maglio, P.P., Zhai, S., Smith, Z., Designing feedback for an attentive office, in Proc. of INTERACT 2001: Eight IFIP Conference On Human-Computer Interaction, Tokyo, Japan, July 9-13, 2001. (short paper) p721-722. 

• 2000

  • Zhai, S., Hunter, M., Smith, B.A., The Metropolis Keyboard -- An Exploration of Quantitative Techniques for Virtual  Keyboard Design, in the Proceeding of the 13th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2000), November 5-8, 2000, San Diego, California. pp 119-128.

  • Zhai, S., Hunter, M., Smith, B.A., Designing Virtual Keyboards for Pervasive Computing Device, in proceedings of IBM Pervasive Computing Conference (PvCC),  Yorktown Heights, New York, Sept 17 - 19, 2000. Also presented at  IBM Personal System Institute (PSI) Symposium, Raleigh, North Carolina, Oct 17 and 18, 2000.

  • Smith, B.A., J. Ho, W. Ark, S. Zhai, Hand Eye Coordination Patterns in Target Selection,  in  Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications,  November 6th-8th 2000, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA.

  • Maglio, P.,  Matlock, T,. Campbell, C., Zhai, S.,  Smith, B.A, Gaze and Speech in Attentive User Interface,  in  T. Tan, Y. Shi and W Gao (eds) Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 1948 (Proceedings of The third International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces ICMI),  Oct 14-16, 2000, Beijing, China. Springer. pp 1-7.

  • Hunter, M., Zhai, S., Smith, B.A., Physics-based Graphical Keyboard Design, CHI'2000. April 1-6, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands. 157-158.

• 1999

  • Zhai, S. Morimoto, C., Ihde, S. Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded (MAGIC) Pointing,  Proc. CHI'99. 246-253, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15-20 May 1999. Slides in PDF

  • Accot, J. Zhai, S. Performance Evaluation of Input Devices in Trajectory-based Tasks: An Application of Steering Law,  Proc. CHI'99.  466-472, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15-20 May 1999. Slides in PDF

  • Zhai, S., Smith., B.A., Multi-Stream Input: An Experimental Study of Document Scrolling Methods,  IBM Systems Journal,   Vol  38, No.4, p 642-651.

  • Zhai, S., Kandogan, E., Smith, B., Selker, T.  In Search of the "Magic Carpet", Design and Experimentation of a 3D Navigation Interface.  Journal of Visual Languages and Computing. Vol 10, No.1, 3-17, February 1999.

  • Campbell, C., Zhai, S., May, K., Maglio, P. What You Feel Must Be What You See: Adding Tactile Feedback to the Trackpoint,  in  M. Angela Sasse & Chris Johnson (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction,  Proceedings of INTERACT’99: 7th IFIP conference on Human Computer Interaction, Edinburgh, UK, Aug 30 – Sept 3,  1999. Slides in PDF

  • Maglio, P., Zhai, S., Campbell, C. S., May, K. W. Smith, B. (1999).  Adding tactile feedback to the Trackpoint: A demonstration of Tractile, in S. Brewster, A. Cawsey, & G. Cockton (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction -- Proceedings of INTERACT’99, (Vol II), 7th IFIP conference on Human Computer Interaction, IOS Press, pp 93-94.

  • Morimoto, C.  Koons, D. Amir, A.,  Flickner, M., Zhai, S., Keeping an Eye for HCI, in Proc. SIBGRAPI 1999,  XII Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 171-176.                                     

•  1998

  • Zhai, S., Milgram, P.,  Quantifying Coordination and Its Application to Evaluating 6 DOF Input Devices, Proc. of CHI'98, p320-327. Slides in PDF

  • Leganchuk, A., Zhai, S., Buxton, W., Manual and Cognitive Benefits of Two-handed Input: An Experimental Study, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol 5, No. 4, December 1998, 326-359.

  • Zhai, S. User Performance in Relation to 3D Input Device Design, Computer Graphics 32(4), November 1998. pp 50-54.

  • Zhai, S., MacKenzie, I.S., Teaching old mice new tricks: Innovations in Computer Mouse Design, Proc. of Ergon-Axia'98 - the First World Congress on Ergonomics for Global Quality and Productivity, p 80-83, Hong Kong, July 8 -11, 1998.

  • Ark, W, Dryer, D.C, Selker, T., Zhai. S., Representation matters: the effect of 3D objects and a spatial metaphor in a graphical user interface, in H. Johnson, N. Lawrence, C. Roast (Eds), People and Computers XIII, Proc of HCI'98, Springer. pp 209 -219.

  • Ark, W, Dryer, D.C, Selker, T., Zhai. S., Landmarks to Aid Navigation in a Graphical User Interface, In Proc. of Workshop on Personalized and Social Navigation in Information Space, Stockholm, Sweden, March 6-7, 1998. Slides in PDF

• 1997

  • Accot, J., Zhai, S. Beyond Fitts' Law: Models for Trajectory-Based HCI Tasks, Proceedings of CHI'97, p295-302. Slides in PDF

  • Zhai, S., Senders, J.W., Investigating Coordination in Multidegree of Freedom Control I: Time-on-Target analysis of 6 DOF Tracking, Proc. of 41st Annual Meeting of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Sept 22-26, 1997. 1249-1253. Slides in PDF

  • Zhai, S., Senders, J.W., Investigating Coordination in Multidegree of Freedom Control II: Correlation analysis of 6 DOF Tracking, Proc. of 41st Annual Meeting of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Sept 22-26, 1997. 1254-1258. Slides in PDF

  • Zhai, S., Smith, B.A., Selker, T., Improving Browsing Performance: A Study of Four Input Devices for Scrolling and Pointing Tasks, Proceedings of INTERACT: the sixth IFIP conference on Human Computer Interaction. 286-292

  • Zhai, S., Wright, J. Selker, T., Kelin S., Graphical Means of Directing Users’ Attention in the Visual Interface, Proceedings of INTERACT: the sixth IFIP conference on Human Computer Interaction.59-66

  • Zhai, S., Milgram, P., Rastogi, A., Anisotropic Human Performance in Six Degree-of-Freedom Tracking: A Evaluation of 3D Display and Control Interfaces,  IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans.Vol.27, No.4, pp 518-528, July 1997.

  • Spatial Interface Can Facilitate Target Acquisition, Presentation at the 6th WWW Conference Developers day.

  • Wright, J., Zhai, S., Selker, T., Kelin S., Visual Attention Techniques in the Graphical User Interface, Proceedings of 1997 SPIE/IS&T Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging.

  • Salem, C., Zhai, S., An Isometric Tongue Pointing Device, Proceedings of CHI'97, p538-539. Slides in PDF

  • Zhai, S., Smith, B.A., Selker, T., Dual Stream Input for Pointing and Scrolling, CHI'97 Extended Abstracts (Late-Breaking/Short Talk), p305-306. Slides in PDF

• 1996

  • The Partial Occlusion Effect: Utilizing Semi-transparency in 3D Human Computer Interaction , ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction , Vol. 3, No.3, September 1996, p254-284.

  • The Influence of Muscle Groups on Performance of Multiple Degree-of-Freedom Input , Proc. CHI'96. p. 308-315.Slides in PDF

• 1995

  • Ph.D. Thesis: Human Performance in Six Degree of Freedom Input Control , University of Toronto, 1995.

  • Merging Real and Virtual Worlds , IMAGINA'95.

• 1994

  • Asymmetrical Spatial Accuracy in 3D Tracking , HFES'94.

  • Experimental Investigations of 6 Degree-of-Freedom Controllers , IEA'94.

  • The "Silk Cursor": Investigating Transparency for 3D Target Acquisition , Proc. CHI'94. Slides in PDF

  • Input Techniques for 3-D Environments, CHI'94.

• 1993

  • From Icons to Interface Models: Designing Hypermedia from the Bottom Up , International Journal of Man-machine Studies, Vol.39 (1993)453-472.

  • Investigation of Feel for 6DOF Inputs: Isometric and Elastic Rate Control for Manipulation in 3D Environments , HFES'93.

  • Human Performance Evaluation of Isometric and Elastic Rate Controllers in a 6 DOF Tracking Task , SPIE Telemanipulation'93.

  • Human Performance Evaluation of Manipulation Schemes in Virtual Environment ,VRAIS'93.

  • Virtual reality for palm-top computers , ACM TOIS Vol.11 (1993)

  • Applications of Augmented Reality for Human-Robot Communication , IROS'93.

  • An Evaluation of Four 6 Degree-of-Freedom Input Techniques , InterCHI'93.

  • ARGOS: A Display System for Augmenting Reality , InterCHI'93.

• 1992

  • Human-Robot Synergy and Virtual Telerobotic Control , HFAC'92.

• 1991

  • A Telerobotic Virtual Control System , SPIE '91 Space Robotics.

  • An Information Structural Model of Vehicle Navigation and Implications , IEEE VNIS'91

• 1990

  • Task Network Modelling of Human Performance in a Response Conflict Task , HFAC'90.

• 1982 –1990:  5 publications in Chinese academic journals